Adam didn't know anymore about fighting than he had a second ago, but he did suddenly know more about dire wolves and physics.
He had thought that Mother Knows Best was about understanding his children, but he had forgotten that it was actually about learning and knowing. Everything he learned would be augmented with more knowledge. In the case of learning about dire wolves leaping to attack him, the more included how dire wolves (and similar canine species) moved, everything he needed to know about inertia, and one simple, important fact.
Dire wolves can't turn in the air.
He also learned how to activate Mama Bear, but, more importantly, that it wasn't an instantaneous transformation and would leave him more defenseless than he wanted to be. Why would he be defenseless? Because he finally knew what he had forgotten. Mama Bear only went berserk when it was triggered to defend children, the one type of people that were distinctly missing from the caravan, other than himself. He would have to fight, something he didn't know how to do, in a form he didn't know how to move in.
Multi Task had somehow activated to process and apply new incoming knowledge on the fly; deal with the first wolf, debate Mama Bear activation, and track the next threats in order. The fact that it also split off another portion of his mind that was tasked solely to bask in the stunned amazement of yet another piece of his mind simply added to the burden of the amazed piece.
Instead of trying to attack the leaping wolf head on, he instead fell over backwards. As he landed on his back, he kicked straight up into the wolf's chest. He would have loved to redirect it to a sharp branch nearby, but he didn't have the experience to do that yet. He also hadn't seen any convenient branches. His goal was to get it as high in the air as he could in the hope that it injured itself in the fall.
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The momentum of the wolf when his kick connected helped him turn his fall into a backwards roll, propelling him to his feet again. The next wolf was charging him as well, but angled to the side to allow its goblin rider to thrust its stick at him as it passed. Having guessed that the goblin would attempt something like that, Adam was ready and managed to grab its makeshift spear.
Bracing the spear against his side, he tried to hold it and force the goblin off the wolf. The goblin did come off the wolf, but not because it was forced. It jumped in an attempt to more forcibly spear Adam. With the inertia of the running wolf driving it forward, and the braced spear redirecting it, the goblin sailed up and over his head, where it eventually let go and crashed to the ground some distance away.
As the goblin arced over his head, the other end of the spear snapped into Adam's leg and knocked him off balance, sending him stumbling. With a third wolf on the way, he tried to dodge and succeeded only in crashing to the ground. The only good thing that happened from him falling was that the spear he was still entangled with was upright and braced against the ground when the third wolf landed on it.
Much like a boar charging a hunter with a spear, the wolf had driven the sharpened stick deep into its chest. Not being very sturdy the stick eventually snapped, but the damage had been done. The wolf was almost instantly killed, and its rider, having been thrown headfirst into the ground at high speed, raced it into the afterlife.
Adam's multitasking mind came to the abrupt conclusion that being a massive bear would not noticeably impact his already abysmal combat performance. The third, now dead, wolf was serving as excellent cover from the last two wolves, and the first two wolves and one goblin were either running past him or learning to fly. With his position as safe and secure as it could get in a fight, Adam activated Mama Bear.