Night fairies are beings that are not capable of reproducing as a species, but they are also beings that are capable of mating with distant species.

Cross-species reproduction in itself is rare, but not as rare as one might think. In fact, it is part of natural evolution that nearby species mate with each other to create genetic diversity. Cross-species, for example, snow hares and brown hares, domestic horses and domestic donkeys or also humans and nixe can produce offspring together. Cross-genus, for example, sheep and goats can produce offspring together. These are isolated cases. If these hybrids make it into the world, they are always infertile. Genetics creates the hurdles. The further two species are genetically separated from each other, the more likely it is that they will not be able to have offspring together or that these will be infertile. Nevertheless, suitable mates for night fairies are probably the males of all mammals, many reptiles and even more. It is not even clear how many species are on the list. Night fairies are the only living beings that have such a wide choice and that by an unattainable margin.

There are several questions that come to mind as soon as one finds out about this.

Why can night fairies do this and other beings can't? How is this possible?

The genetic material of a living being is contained in its cells. Each cell contains chromosomes made of DNA and proteins.

DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid. DNA is a chain of molecules in the structure of a double helix that is always connected crosswise. It is like a double spiral staircase, where every few steps there is a connection to the other staircase. DNA consists of phosphate, hydrogen, a sugar and four bases. The first three substances serve to stabilize the molecular chain. The hydrogen also connects the bases to form pairs. There are four bases in two possible pairs. The base pairs contain the information. A section of base pairs that contains the information for the production of an RNA is called a gene. RNA stands for ribonucleic acid. RNA is just a simple strand. RNA also consists of phosphate, hydrogen, a sugar and four bases, but the sugar and one base are different. The sugar in RNA is ribose. The sugar in DNA is deoxyribose. De- means that something is missing. Oxy- comes from oxygenium. Deoxyribose is ribose, where an oxygen atom is missing. Nucleic refers to the cell nucleus. It is both acid, because DNA and RNA are acidic in water.

The genes are blueprints for RNA molecules. The RNA molecules are built by the cells because it is written in the DNA. Most RNA molecules are blueprints for proteins. The proteins are built by the cells because that is what the RNA says. The remaining RNA molecules fulfill other tasks, such as transporting information. Usually several genes are responsible for one characteristic. The production of proteins is just one of many steps that cells have to take to give a living being its characteristics.

High beings, such as humans, have a cell nucleus that contains chromosomes. Chromosomes consist of a DNA double strand and proteins that wrap around the DNA. The proteins help to organize the DNA double strand and ensure that it remains in the cell nucleus, for example. Two chromosomes form a pair. Both chromosomes are the same size and shape and contain the same sequence of genes, albeit with different information. In each chromosome pair, one of the chromosomes comes from the father and the other chromosome comes from the mother. The information is therefore duplicated and contradictory. The cells use complex mechanisms to decide which of the blueprints they follow.

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The entirety of all chromosomes of a living being is referred to as the genome or genetic material.

In the context of the DNA of higher living beings, a distinction must be made between two types of cells and two types of cell division. There are somatic cells and germ cells. There is mitosis and meiosis.

A somatic cell is any cell in the body that is not a germ cell. A body cell divides to replace cells and to generate growth. For example, skin cells are constantly replaced to maintain the skin's protective barrier. Germ cells are exclusively sperm and egg cells. Primordial germ cells divide to create germ cells.

If a cell wants to divide, the cell's DNA must first be replicated. The DNA double strands of the chromosomes are unwound and the individual DNA strands are replicated one after the other in sections until they all finally exist twice. The DNA double strands are then tightly compressed into loops and folds, like compressed springs. At one point, the replications are connected to their originals. The springs are crossed. The chromosomes have an X shape. At the connection points, the cell divides into two cells so that both cells then have all the chromosomes. The DNA is then decompressed again. This type of cell division is called mitosis.

During embryonic development, the aforementioned primordial germ cells also arise from somatic cells via mitosis. The number of primordial germ cells and germ cells is therefore limited.

If a primordial germ cell wants to divide to form germ cells, the process is initially the same, but from the formation of the X-forms onwards, the chromosomes of a pair attach to each other and exchange sections of their DNA until they separate again. The cell then divides into two cells so that each cell receives only one chromosome from each pair. This is meiosis 1. Similar to mitosis, both cells then divide at the connection points of the chromosomes. The DNA is then decompressed again. This is meiosis 2.

At the end of meiosis, four germ cells with a single set of chromosomes have developed from one primordial germ cell with a double set of chromosomes. In the germ cells, the DNA is reduced to half in order to be combined later with half of the partner's DNA. The process is not always like this. In the case of virgin birth, there are different variants. The chromosomes are simply retained in their entirety or doubled after meiosis or combined from two germ cells, but in any case the offspring will have the same number of chromosomes.

The exchange of DNA segments during meiosis leads to very different DNA in the germ cells. Without the exchange, all offspring of the same parents would have largely the same characteristics. This is why the offspring can be different in the case of virgin birth with meiosis, even though the original genetic material was the same in all offspring.

The remaining differences in the characteristics of offspring of the same parents are caused by mutation. DNA constantly mutates to a certain degree in every living being. There are many reasons for this. Chemical substances, radiation or viruses can cause DNA to mutate, but errors can also occur in the replication or repair of DNA. The mutation of DNA is an inevitability. The light of the sun is already sufficient to cause damage. Even the natural radiation of all things is already enough.

For a living being that is already fully grown, the mutations in the DNA of its cells are usually not very serious, since it is already fully grown. The mutation of a cell's DNA can only affect cells that grow from this cell. There are also mechanisms for repairing DNA. But if a cell contains a mutation and this cell is a germ cell or new germ cells are formed from this cell and the mutation remains, then the offspring that grows from an affected germ cell will carry the mutation in the DNA of every cell in its body. The only cells that might not have it are cells that have undergone further mutations.

Genetic material is not combined and meiosis does not always take place in the case of virgin birth, which is another reason why mutations can become established more easily.

High beings mix and combine genetic material and have multiple chromosomes, which is why they are more protected against mutations.

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