Synopsis
The so-called mythological universe is a genre of works that share a mythological worldview and storytelling system. Mythological universes cannot only involve myths, they are an integrated collective from ancient times to the present day. Mythology was ancient science fiction while science fiction is contemporary mythology.
Based on this, I divided the Chinese mythological universe into six phases: Ancient Mythology, Primordial Immortal Tales, Medieval Xianxia (immortal heroes), Modern Kung Fu, and Contemporary Science Fiction.
What holds these phases together is power systems or cultivation systems. It’s not static but changes with the environment. In Ancient Mythology times, there were three small stages:
From Pan Gu Opening Heaven to Nüwa Creating Humans it was Creation Mythology;
From Nüwa Creating Humans to Jiutian Tongdi it was Deity Mythology;
From Jiutian Tongdi to Dayu Controlling Floods it was Heroic Mythology.
Creation mythology mainly tells about innate deities; deity mythology mainly narrates acquired deities; heroic mythology mainly tells about half-god-half-human beings created by Nüwa herself.
This transition from gods to humans – both half-gods and their divine powers are inherent at birth – occurred during this phase. However, half-gods are not actual gods since they can die particularly after many generations when their divine powers gradually dilute away until nothing remains – hence their pursuit for immortality which results in another powerful group capable of challenging the gods appearing: xians or immortals who cultivate through practice.
Xians refer to those who have become immortal by practicing Taoism or other esoteric practices involving martial arts skills such as kung fu. During this stage known as Primordial Immortal Tales (which includes everything from Nüwa creating humans until Spring-Autumn/Warring States period) due to abundant qi energy practitioners could absorb straightaway instead of cultivating themselves – hence this power system was called the Refining Qi period.
The abundance of qi produced a large number of immortal beings which caused tension and conflict with gods. To prevent their rise, gods severed all connections between heaven and earth to restrict the flow of energy thus preventing immortals from cultivating. This pivotal event is known as Zhuan Xu severing Jiutian Tongdi.
After Jiutian Tongdi, remaining qi in the human world became limited. By Qin-Han times it was not enough for direct absorption anymore so practitioners sought large quantities of qi stored in precious treasures to refine pills that they would then consume in order to cultivate themselves properly. These practitioners were known as Fangshi or Alchemists (Outer Dan Period)·····